Neuromodulation with nanoparticles

Neuromodulation Section

Objective. Spinal cord and peripheral neurostimulation techniques have been practiced since 1967 for the relief of pain, and some techniques are also used for improvement in organ function. Neuromodulation has recognized complications, although very rarely do these cause long-term morbidity. The aim of this article is to present a review of complications observed in patients treated with neuros...

SnapShot: Neuromodulation

Neuromodulation in

s are only included if they are not published later on in full article format. Abbreviations: IED,interictal epileptiform discharges; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation; 3-MPA, 3-mercaptoproprionate;PTZ, pentylenetetrazol; MES, maximal electroshock seizure; SWDs, spike and wave discharges; ADD,afterdischarge duration. Zanchetti et al. (1952) were among the first to experiment with the ant...

Neuromodulation of cancer pain.

Managing cancer-related chronic pain is challenging to health care professionals as well as cancer patients and survivors. The management of cancer-related pain has largely consisted of pharmacological treatments, which has caused researchers to focus on neurotransmitter activity as a mediator of patients' perception of pain rather than the electrical activity during neurobiological processes o...

Neuromodulation of Brain States

Switches between different behavioral states of the animal are associated with prominent changes in global brain activity, between sleep and wakefulness or from inattentive to vigilant states. What mechanisms control brain states, and what are the functions of the different states? Here we summarize current understanding of the key neural circuits involved in regulating brain states, with a par...